Aptera to Germany / EU

[herbert-tremmel]

Gute Idee, weil in Europa andere (Natur)Gesetze herrschen als in den USA. Zu den Naturgesetzen gehören die teilweise schmalen Straßen in Europa, die schon mit den gängigen Mittelklassewagen herausfordernd sein können. Ich habe den Aptera reserviert und bin vom Konzept begeistert, allerdings stelle ich auf meiner derzeitigen Urlaubsfahrt von Österreich nach Südspanien immer wieder fest, dass manche Landstraßen (z. B. Moyenne Corniche) mit dem Aptera gemieden werden müssen. Wobei gerade die Fahrt in den sonnigen Süden eine Domäne des Aptera darstellt. Bin sehr gespannt wie es weiter geht und wie nach und nach die offenen Fragen, wie z. B. Wendekreis, Fahrersicht auf Fahrzeuggrenzen (Video wäre fein) , Zulassung als Motorrad mit Kennzeichen nur hinten, etc. beantwortet werden.

[AlexA]

@ Herbert Tremmel

Ich hatte gehofft daß Aptera wie ein reverse Trike zugelassen werden kann da das Nummernschild die gute Aerodynamik auf jeden fall killt und ich nicht glaube das das Argument Aerodynamik greifen wird außer man kann die Behörden davon überzeugen das das Fahrzeug “anfällig” wird wie die alten TTs ohne Heckspoiler da es ja extrem auf dieses Feature baut.

[cm-de-hond]

Good idea.

Would be nice to know the status of European homologation, changes to the vehicle in order to meet with EU standards etc.

[nazhi-hamdan]

I’m also a reservation holder in Germany and the problem with the registration (Zulassung) is my main concern. I really think, that the Aptera team should approach the different institutions for EU countries to start working on a solution. It may come to it, that apteras will be registered as regular cars here. That would mean meeting other requirements. As things stand the company is focused on getting production started and have openly said, that they focus on delivering on the US market. This is understandable, but if they don’t iron out the legal Issues for the EU (their 2nd biggest potential market), a lot of Aptera reservations would be canceled. That will be a shame, because it wouldn’t be because of a bad product, but because of failure to secure a market because of legal issues.

To anyone, who starts to comment, that we as Aptera enthusiasts should be the ones trying to solve the problem i say: Good luck, but don’t count on me! I have a 50-60 hour/week job.

If someone working for the company reads this, you should seriously consider hiring a legal team in the EU once the first vehicles roll out the factory.

[XL1]

Am I the only person in the United Kingdom who has made a reservation? I get the feeling it could be a very long time before deliveries start here, if ever.

Meanwhile I have my VW XL1 to keep me occupied which I’ve been driving for 7 years now, but it needs a soulmate! They’ll look awesome together at all the local car shows.

[todd-williams]

I’m in the UK and have a reservation. There’s a handful on the map, you have to find the right version of the map though.

Yeah, not expecting UK deliveries for a few years yet. Suppose could do private import, but don’t want the left-hand drive version.

[Sheepdog]

Would you be willing to do a review or writeup on XL1 ownership? That is a very rare car that many people have never even seen. You can’t even drive them in America. I’d love to know how it drives, the fuel economy, and other things. How much do tires cost for it and where do you get them from?

[Carlos-Comic]

Ich bin Deutscher und lebe seit 20 Jahren in Port Grimaud, Golfe de St Tropez France, und ich habe auch bestellt! Die 2,20 m sind doch nur an den Vorderrädern. Ach, man gewöhnt sich daran. Auf Autobahnbaustellen fährt man dann auf der rechten Spur. Der Rest ist doch so REVOLUTIONÄR !!!!

Hier möchte ich auf meine Comics ” Wahres von Aptera San Diego ” aufmerksam machen ( Carlos Comic ), hier auf meiner Homepage von Aptera.

Gruss

Karl Josef Oberländer

[Carlos-Comic]

[HansTheGerman]

Hallo Silke, liebe Aptera Freunde,

möchte hier gerne auch konstruktiv mitmachen, als Besteller eines Fahrzeugs und sehe prinzipiell Zulassungsprobleme genereller Art, ohne die konkreten +aktuellen Zulassungsbestimmungen in der EU für Dreiräder zu kennen. Ich denke, dass es für Aptera sehr sinnvoll sein könnte, wenn man sich in Zulassungsfragen mit dem neuen europäischen Lieferanten für Body-Kunststoffteile CPC in Modena/Italien unterhält. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHDsg2mQIrc
CPC hat mit Sicherheit entweder selbst Kontakt zu Homologationsbehörden, oder könnte den leicht herstellen.
Sehe eine EU-Zulassungen weniger kritisch, wenn ich anschaue, welche Fahrzeuge in den letzten Jahren mit Zulassung in Europa auf unseren Straßen so herum fahren.
Ob allerdings, bei den anfangs sehr geringen Stückzahlen für Europa, eine aufwändige Homologation überhaupt Sinn macht, oder besser ein Mustergutachten bzw.eine jeweilige Einzelabnahmen an einem Ort mit dem geringsten Widerstand, wirtschaftlich sinnvoll sind, muß Aptera selbst ergründen.

Auf jeden Fall freue ich mich, wenn es voran geht.

Mit freundlichem Gruß der Hans aus RÜD

[EV-Cat]

Update. We are now in contact with important people at TÜV in Germany. At this point we need the technical information about the Gamma to combine our power with the power of the aptera team.

Do you also read your forum yourself, dear aptera team?

————————————————

Update. Wir sind jetzt in Kontakt mit wichtigen Leuten beim TÜV in Deutschland. An dieser Stelle brauchen wir die technischen Informationen über den Gamma, um unsere Power mit der Power des aptera-Teams zu kombinieren.

Lest Ihr Euer Forum auch selber, liebes Aptera-Team?

[stefan-juhnke]

Also, ich hab natürlich auch einen Aptera bestellt. Würde unseren kleinen Fuhrpark mit 6 Fahrzeugen nach und nach verändern. Für mich aktuell das beste Konzept.
Die eine Hälfte liegt produktionstechnisch bei Aptera, die andere Hälfte bei den Zulassungsbehörden ob die mal an den Erhalt der Menschheit denken oder nur an Ihre “Richtlinien”.

“Dem Planeten ist es egal, was wir mit ihm machen, er hat schon Schlimmeres als den Menschen überlebt.”

• This reply was modified 3 months, 2 weeks ago by  Stefan Juhnke.

[EV-Cat]

Hallo Stefan,

ja, das sehen wir auch so. Hier wäre der Aptera die Nummer 5 im Fuhrpark. Also hoffen wir mal “Nummer 5 lebt”

😉

Wir wissen vom TÜV, dass das nicht einfach wird, aber wir sind in Gesprächen und versuchen eine baldige Lösung zu finden. Im Moment ist das Team von aptera aber auch zeitlich so eingespannt, dass die Antworten auf unsere Fragen erst nach vielen Tagen / Wochen kommen.

ABER, wenn es einfach wäre, dann könnte es ja jeder. 😁

————————————————-

Hello Stefan,

yes, we see it that way too. Here, the Aptera would be number 5 in the fleet. So let’s hope “number 5 lives (Film: Short Circuit)”

😉

We know from the TÜV that this will not be easy, but we are in talks and try to find a solution soon. But at the moment the team of aptera is so busy with time, that the answers to our questions come only after many days / weeks.

BUT, if it would be easy, then everybody could do it. 😁

[konijntje]

The current aptera is too wide for EU use. I hope Aptera can start designing the EU version soon, because a fair amount of preorders come from Europe and they won’t pay for their orders if the vehicle is illegal.

Now that the design team is “finished” with delta, i hope that EU aptera gets a priority.

[Elzo]

I hope this rediculous 2 meter max rule will disappear. Redesigning is the last thing I would want….

[Mike-Mars]

Aptera has already been working on that for at least a year, they contracted with a homologation expert to work on the changes necessary for the European market (L5e-A regulations limit the width and length to 2mx4m). I think there is also a group of German Aptera fans who have opened discussions with the TÜV certification organisation. Also given what the CPC sales manager said in a recent video, I feel it is very likely that CPC or a JV with CPC will be assembling the vehicles for the local market.

In the long run, given energy prices, and historically a greater focus on efficiency etc, I think that Europe will end up being a bigger market for the Aptera than the NA market. One sign of this is that there also seems to be a lot of interest from potential suppliers based in Europe about the Aptera.

• This reply was modified 2 months, 4 weeks ago by  Michael Marsden.
• This reply was modified 2 months, 4 weeks ago by  Michael Marsden.
• This reply was modified 2 months, 4 weeks ago by  Michael Marsden.
• This reply was modified 2 months, 3 weeks ago by  Gabriel Kemeny.

[oussama-rahmouni]

This sounds promising and all. But, I still fail to see what a 2mx4m Aptera would look like. The difference in dimensions with the current design is so big. We are not talking about a few tweaks here. It sounds more like a new design all the way from body & solar to the suspension/stability and interior. It would be great to have an ETA on the reveal of what that would look like.

[Jon_Arryn]

I wish Aptera would have gone ahead and made whatever mods necessary to meet European markets, the same spec as N.A. It’s a bit wide tracking….

[james-wolf]

Europe has always been behind the rest of the world in changing their cities to modern times. Why do many of them “still” have such narrow streets? The world has changed from horses and horse carts a while ago. At least Great Britain got out of the EU.

Aptera will have to design a new vehicle for some parts of Europe if it wants that market. Or Aptera can just breed and export Aptera horses.

[EV-Cat]

James, you have a wonderful sense of humor.

But there are certainly people who do not understand the irony of your sentences. But let me tell them: We – in old Europe – are working on redesigning the Mona Lisa on LED and rebuilding the old castles and palaces from wood, so that they can be rebuilt faster after storms. 🙂
But the EU Aptera would have one advantage, it would not have to be bulletproof, because this danger is much less here than a collision on wide roads.

I like your delicious humor, and just imagine we in Paris all the houses a little push apart. Ingenious idea.

But all jokes aside. We have wide streets too 😉

———————————————-

James, Du hast einen wunderbaren Humor.

Es gibt aber sicher Menschen, welche die Ironie Deiner Sätze nicht verstehen. Aber denen sei gesagt: Wir – im alten Europa – arbeiten daran die Mona Lisa auf LED umzugestalten und die alten Schlösser und Burgen aus Holz nachzubauen, damit sie nach Stürmen schneller wieder aufgebaut werden können. 🙂

Einen Vorteil hätte der EU-Aptera aber, er müsste nicht schussfest sein, da diese Gefahr hier deutlich geringer ist, als ein Zusammenstoß auf breiten Straßen.

Ich mag deinen köstlichen Humor, und stelle mir eben vor, wir wir in Paris alle Häuser ein wenig auseinanderschieben. Geniale Idee.

Aber Spaß beiseite. Wir haben auch breite Straßen 😉

Translated with DeepL

[Elzo]

Britain out of the EU….yeah that was a great decision. From that moment on the width of their streets became instantly wider….. Come to my city of Amsterdam and see for your self why this is “a bit” more challenging than you think…..

[Greek]

@Enzo Best to add floating device and rear propeller to your APTERA. The preferred way to get around In Amsterdam. Then pull a bike out of the rear hatch. 😊 🇳🇱

[james-griggs]

Or perhaps someone could work on getting the EU regulation updated to remove the L5 2m width restriction – or provide for an EU-wide exception? If a normal car can be up to 2.55m wide in the EU, an auto-cycle like Aptera should be allowed the same width limit. The L5 width regulation being applied to an Aptera makes about as much sense as the helmet laws in some US states for auto-cycles. Lets fix the regulations, instead of redesigning a new version of the vehicle.

[fgSOL24]

Worse than the hurdle of EU regulations, such large width between wheels makes it very impractical to drive without scratching road shrubbery or hitting curbs or fear of an accident. Everywhere I visit we always rent the smallest car available. And it is still scary in most streets and roads in most towns, cities and countries I’ve driven in.

[EV-Cat]

Hello Francisco,

You are right. The Aptera is not for parking garages, Italian city centers and medieval towns in Germany.

But it will be real fun on highways and country roads.

We Europeans are used to everything being a bit tighter than in the US.

The biggest problem for approval right now is Aptera’s slow responses. (We hope that will speed up in 2023).

—————————-

Du hast Recht. Der Aptera ist nichts für Parkhäuser, italienische Innenstädte und mittelalterliche Städte in Deutschland.

Aber auf Autobahnen und Landstraßen wird er richtig Spaß machen.

Wir Europäer sind es gewöhnt, dass alles etwas enger ist, als in den USA.

Das größte Problem für die Zulassung im Moment sind die langsamen Antworten von Aptera. (Wir hoffen, dass das in 2023 schneller wird.)

[ralf-kehr]

Hi,

I think the width is feasible. I drive a camper with 2,12m wheel width. There are hardly any roads that I do not use. Sometimes slower and sometimes with some waiting for the road to clear…

I am looking forward to see this thing!

[matthew-dowling]

To meet international standards where there is a maximum width of 80 inches for a 3 wheeled vehicle, could aptera put a very short axle at the back of the car, and place 2 wheels on it, and still keep the back tyres under the one aerodynamic shield, to make the vehicle a 4 wheeler where maximum width regulations allow up to 100 inches of width.

[Mike-Mars]

There are two potential problems with this approach.

Firstly is that, under the L5e-A regulations, if the two wheels are very close together, they only count as 1.

Secondly, one of the key reasons for having a 3-wheeler in the first place was that it bypasses many of the regulations which apply to 4 wheeled vehicles. As one example, the pedestrian protection stuff which cars have to have, would add a lot of bulk and weight to the front.

[EV-Cat]

We talked to German people at the TÜV, and they said, that they think it could be possible. But they need more information from “us”. We asked the aptera-Team again and again … They are too busy to answer (yet). But I believe they will do.

[AlexA]

Warning, wall of text.

Looking at some data and digging through other information in Lxe vehicles i highly doubt it would get a homologation as one.

The width shouldn’t be a problem if you have already driven a wide car before, in my area RP Kreis FYI ( the Germans will know, even better if they live in the area ) we have a mix of wide and narrow roads with the majority being mid sized roads where a bus has no problem driving, and we even have busses ( width 2555mm – Aptera 2225mm ) driving through our “narrower” roads without problems. It’s a matter off practice, the cases where roads are too narrow are rare, i know because i drove a Mustang GT for 6 years and we have a lot of US cars in our area including Chargers and Challengers and those are wider than the Mustang ). Parking is more of a hassle but not impossible. One concern we should have though is the possibilty of someone ripping off one off the wheels because they didn’t expect them to stick out that far, i know they are lit but we have had an increase of blind people here over the years.

In the worst case we have to import them ourselves and have them individually approved, it costs some money sure but it’s not that homologation isn’t going to be added to the price anyway. If you’re lucky you get through without problems unless Aptera decides to use red instead of amber turn signals in the rear which is going to be a PITA to change, it might cost 2-3000€ just to get those done. And don’t forget the rear fog light…which cost me 900€ iirc at the next MOT check because they somehow wired it the wrong way on my car… ( another importer not this one )

I talked to the guy who maintains my Mustang about the car, he can import basically every US and CA vehicle, CA preferably because of the km/h gauge but that should not be an issue with Aptera. He told me to get it and he’ll bring it over and make it “road legal”. Basically what every importer and the TüV has been doing for ages…. “exemption here” “exemption there” “exemption everywhere”…

Another problem is the radio, we already have DAB+ here and i don’t know how long we will have VHF radio and it was a PITA because my car didn’t match all frequencies of my favorite radio stations. Of course there is a workaround but that also costs money, around 1-2000€ last time i asked, that was with a localized navigation though.

In the end there is still a lot of time and Aptera will hopefully share more info about getting a EU homologation. If it doesn’t work out we only have latter option and in case i get mine earlier i can report how it turned out or share his contact in case he is willing if anyone wants to give it a try.

[konijntje]

Thats interesting but when importing i really hope aptera will already at the very least make them “EU ready” for easy imports.

Also remember youre importing a three wheeler, not a car. Which has different rules.

I rarher hope they can manufactor aptera in europe. Many parts already come from europe…

But also hope we get more details this year.

[olivier-laroque]

Hello from France,

A friend of mine is building the Citroën 2 CV and the Méhari in electric version. His company is MLT, located in le Pouzin (07250 – France, for those who could be interrested). These vehicles are not “cars” but “quadricycles with motors”. It was a big mess to get the homologation in France. So, he went to Spain and with few documents, he got the homologation for the Europe rapidly.

So the idea is to find the state where it will be the more simple to homologate the vehicle, Spain or another.

BTW, in addition to the size issue, in France, the vehicles must have orange turn lights, for any 3-wheelers larger than 1.30 m, they must have 2 front head lights, and of course any EVs must have the CCS2 connector (I guess providing an adaptor could be enough).

[joris-dreiling]

Are there some of us with the lunch edition? I personally selected the lunch edition. In this case it would be interesting to do a kind of “group order”. Maybe it is possible to import them at once and doing the neccesary modification ( if needed) and paperwork at by one person, maybe it is even cheaper and faster?

[paul-wiesner]

I also changed to the launch Edition. I think that could be a good idea to make the Import and registration togehter. Would be nice if we could help us out with that, so not everyone has to figure all of this out seperately.

[AlexA]

Let’s see how it goes first. From what i could see from other comments one said CPC might be assembling EU versions in Italy…it’s also what i remember Chris or Steve mentioning in a video.

That would save us a lot of trouble and especially costs…shipping components back and forth is cheaper than an entire car.

• This reply was modified 1 month, 2 weeks ago by  Alexander Amar. Reason: typo 😑

[Mike-Mars]

The BINC will be assembled by CPC and shipped to Carlsbad, where final assembly takes place. I am not clear as to why they are shipping the body rather than assembling the BINC in Carlsbad, I would have thought it would have been cheaper. Maybe CPC already has the equipment needed to do it accurately.

In the long run, I think it would make sense to assemble the whole vehicle at CPC, for vehicles destined for the EU market. However, this is years away (EU needs a redesign of sorts because of the L5e-A regulations, so presumably will have it’s own variant). However, this needs to be treated as speculation not fact (it would be logical).

• This reply was modified 1 month, 2 weeks ago by  Michael Marsden.

[peter-kraft]

Hi there,

as an early investor and reservation holder from Germany I am naturally also very curious and excited about the possibility of using this vehicle on European roads. Reading through the thread here I came to the conclusion that the odds are obviously stacked against us EU customers. One of the avenues I am exploring in potentially solving this dilemma is the, (already mentioned) idea here of getting a “Einzelzulassung” (“single vehicle registration permit”?) from the German TÜV or DEKRA.

This is of course an expensive and time-consuming undertaking, however, if it were possible to go through this process once, it may then be applicable to all private imports (kind of a “cut and paste”) as all the documents and work would have been done already. If those initial costs would then be shared among all importers, it may become feasible and affordable. I realize that this will entail quite a bit of coordination and management, but might yield a positive outcome.

Maybe some of you have already been further along in their research to solve this and may already have found out that this idea is not possible or find an error in my thinking; if so please let me know. In addition, I am happy to be of help to any effort any of you have already made that has a realistic chance of success. Just let me know how I can be of assistance.

All in all it would be great to have a small summary of how far some of you have come with their approach and with what level of success, so that we do not have to read through the entire thread, which is of course great, but one can get distracted ;-).

I hope this is helpful and thank you to the foresightful initiator of this discussion group (EV-Cat). 👍

Cheers

Peter

[mrst]

Hi Peter,

As far as I researched, the cost of the Einzelzulassung is defined by the amount of issues they find.
So I think that if we find and solve the issues to get the Einzelzulassung once, we can reduce the cost automatically for all others.

The other issue though seems to be that many DEKRA and TÜV places seem to avoid this work as they don’t get a lot of money out of it and it’s tedious to chek it all.
So it could be even more helpfull to find someone who already checked an Aptera and knows where to look and where he/she doesn’t need to look anymore.

This could be woth even more time and headache than saving a few 100€ on the paper when we already had to pay ~10k for the import to germany and just want to get it onto the road.

[peter-kraft]

Hi Michael,

thanks a lot for your very informative reply, excellent. Seems like you have done quite a bit of work already 👍. I would love to help you in any effort you make to get this thing on the road. I will try to contact you also directly via your website.

Cheers

[mrst]

Hi, I’m Michael and I plan on getting one of the first 2k aptera and importing it to Germany.

I’m also trying to consolidate all data regarding Aptera in Germany on my website https://aptera-deutschland.de and I’m currently researching what it would cost to get it, how long it would take and what issues I may encounter upon the “Einzelgenehmigung”.

The potential issues to be checked after the import

While going through many sources, the things I found which could come in the way are and luckily they are quite a bit lower for motorcylces than for cars:

1. All exterior lights need to have a European e-sign. As changing the whole light unit would not be an option (too special and no other parts available), a dedicated one-off certificate and assessment would need to be done to verify compliance with European standards.

2. Red backlighting needs to be separately fused (at least in cars, not sure about motorcycles)

3. The speed on the display needs to be shown in km/h (pure software change but required from aptera)

4. A type sign or fabrication sign to identify what vehicle it is needs to be present somewhere on the frame

5. A unique vehicle identification number (FIN/VIN) needs to be stamped into the frame or somehow hard to change

The lighting suppliers

I checked the suppliers for the lamps, and the back lights come from HSL italy – https://www.hsl-italia.com/lighting , so hopefully they know how to make lamps which are compliant.

The front light comes from MagWerks (seems it’s https://magwerksvision.com/products-1 ) where the website looks very “old fashioned” and they are from Mississippi (US), so there could be a challange with the certification.

Import costs

So what is it going to cost roughly for the launch edition:

33.200$ for the launch edition

~2.800-3.500$ Transport from Aptera to Bremerhaven (50-55 days delivery)

2.656$ (8% of the vehicle price) in customs fee

5.312$ (16% of the vehicle price) in import taxes

50-500€ for the Ausnahmegenehmigung ( https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/import-und-zulassung/amerikanische-fahrzeuge-besonderheiten-beim-import/ausnahmegenehmigung )

<u style=””>TOTAL: ~45.000$ (~42.500€) which means around 35% additional cost!

Here’s a comment from a guy who importet a motorcycle from the US to germany and his conclusion: https://www.motor-talk.de/forum/erfahrungsbericht-mit-zulassung-einer-usa-import-harley-t6394497.html

It seems it’s a subjective thing in europe to get your certifications and everything needs to be reviewed individually. Also the CEO of MagWerks (possibly the aptera headlight pproducer) is talking about it in recent weeks: https://youtu.be/h296xM9yTPM

I hope this info is helpfull and informative for some of you and I will definitely share my experiences and infos as soon as I have more. Feel free to get in contact when you have a date when you will get your launch edition, so we can get the documents and insights and share it.

[timon-burgermeister]

Thank you for the information! It helps us german aptera fans who are considering if or if not to invest right now. If your calculation is about right, this is unfortunately to expencive for me 🙁

[mrst]

Since I plan on flying to california to get my aptera, I think for that we’d need a 30 day TOP license ( https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/handbook/vehicle-industry-registration-procedures-manual-2/permits-and-decals/temporary-operating-permit-top-reg-19f/ ) to move the vehicle within california and another temporary license plate to move the car from the harbour in germany to our home address or the DEKRA / TÜV place where we can get the Einzelzulassung.

This is minor extra cost, but some bureaucracy to get done I guess.

[mrst]

Just read that in order to save the sales tax of around 2500$, you are not allowed to use the vehicle before export but need to directly let the dealer ship it.
So either no roadtrip, or I spend at least 3 weeks traveling, so the cost is about equal to the cost of a rental car.

[bojan-majdandzic]

I am considering to participate on the acceleration programme.

The only thing is that I don’t know if I could get the Aptera legally on the road in the Netherlands.

Is there any chance that the Aptera, as it is now, will be legally allowed in Europe?

[John]

Shouldn’t be a problem. There are specific loop holes for new experimental vehicles in Europe. My friend built a super fast ebike and had yo register it. If you can register everything from ex military vehicles and tuk-tuks, Aptera won’t be an issue.

[joshua-rosen]

They say they want to sell in Europe but I wouldn’t expect it to be available in less than two or three years, maybe as much as five. US production has slipped to next year, it will take them at least a year after that to get manufacturing running smoothly. Once they’ve started generating revenue here they can start putting resources into homologating it for Europe. At the very least they have to change the charging from NACS to CCS2. There is also the question of width, it’s a motorcycle under EU rules, in other threads it’s been pointed out that it’s too wide for a motorcycle. It’s possible that the EU will adopt an autocycle rule by the time they are ready to sell it in the EU but failing that they have some work to do.

As a random thought relating to the EU market. Lightyear is trying to figure out how to do a restart. Instead of trying to design and build a whole new car that will take years and tons of Euros they ought to license the Aptera for the EU market and just do the localization. They would need much less capital and it would cut a couple of years off of their schedule vs building the Lightyear 2. It would increase the volumes for Aptera components which would decrease costs for Aptera as well as Lightyear.